IRM MU SMAN 1 BANJAR Para Pencari Kebenaran: Ensiklopedia Ilmu dalam Al-Quran bagian Kimia

Ensiklopedia Ilmu dalam Al-Quran bagian Kimia

Sejarah kimia

The earliest record of man's interest in chemistry was approximately 3,000 BC, in the fertile crescent. Secepat-cepatnya merekam manusia minat kimia di sekitar 3000 SM, di bulan sabit subur. At that time, chemistry was more an art than a science. Pada saat itu, kimia adalah lebih dari sekedar sebuah seni sains. Tablets record the first known chemists as women who manufactured perfumes from various substances. Tablet mencatat apotek pertama dikenal sebagai perempuan yang diproduksi parfum dari berbagai bahan. Ancient Egyptians produced certain compounds such as those used in mummification. Mesir kuno tertentu yang dihasilkan memanjang seperti yang digunakan dalam hal membuat mumi. By 1000 BC, chemical arts included the smelting of metals and the making of drugs, dyes, iron, and bronze. Dengan 1000 SM, kimia seni meliputi peleburan metal dan pembuatan obat-obatan, Pewarna, besi, dan perunggu. Iron making was also introduced and refinement of lead and mercury was performed. Membuat besi juga diperkenalkan dan penyempurnaan dari memimpin dan suhu dilakukan. The physical properties of some metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and gold were understood. Fisik beberapa properti dari logam seperti tembaga, seng, perak, dan emas yang dipahami. Many groups of people contributed to these developments--among them were ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Hebrews, Chinese, and Indians. Banyak orang menyumbang kepada perkembangan tersebut - di antara mereka adalah orang Mesir kuno, Yunani, Ibrani, Cina, dan India.

Alchemy

It was during this time that the roots of alchemy grew. Ia selama ini bahwa akar Alchemy tumbuh. The Greeks of Egypt are regarded as the forefathers of attempts to change valueless metals into metals of greater value (eg iron into gold). Orang-orang Yunani Mesir dianggap sebagai forefathers dari upaya untuk mengubah harga logam ke logam yang lebih besar dari nilai (misalnya besi menjadi emas). In the fourth century BC, Zosimos the Greek described a substance called Xerion, a metal that supposedly turned other metals into gold. Pada abad keempat SM, Zosimos Yunani dijelaskan substansi yang disebut Xerion, metal yang diduga menjadi logam lain menjadi emas. One needed to add a little dab of Xerion to a pile of metal and after two hundred years, the metal would have become gold. Satu dibutuhkan untuk menambahkan colek sedikit dari Xerion ke timbunan dari logam dan setelah dua ratus tahun, yang akan menjadi logam emas.

This was the extent of the world's knowledge on chemistry. Sejauh ini dari dunia pengetahuan tentang kimia. In Europe, it remained so well into the Middle Ages (400-1500 CE). Di Eropa, tinggal sangat baik ke dalam Abad Pertengahan (400-1500 TM).

The Coming of Islam Kedatangan Islam

Yet at that time, a new empire was forming. Namun pada waktu itu, yang telah membentuk kerajaan baru. Islam was spreading among the people of Arabia. Islam tersebar di kalangan orang Arab. At 632 CE when Prophet Muhammad, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam, died, nearly all of Arabia had become Muslim. Pada 632 Masehi ketika Nabi Muhammad, Sall-Allahu e, meninggal, hampir semua orang Arab telah menjadi Muslim. Islam had raised these people from ignorance and darkness into light. Islam telah dibangkitkan orang-orang ini dari kebodohan dan kegelapan menjadi terang. The Muslims started to become the most advanced civilization of that time. Muslim mulai menjadi yang paling canggih dari peradaban saat itu.

Though Greeks are shown as wise people who had spectacular achievements in science, Muslims are portrayed as alchemists and transmitters of Greek "wisdom", and Western scientists are shown as the real founders of chemistry, the truth is actually the opposite. Walaupun Yunani akan ditampilkan sebagai orang bijaksana yang spektakuler pencapaian dalam sains, kaum muslimin, potret sebagai alchemists dan pemancar dari Yunani "hikmat", dan ilmuwan Barat ditampilkan sebagai pendiri kimia nyata, yang sebenarnya adalah kebenaran yang berlawanan. It is true that Muslims translated many books and writings of the ancients. Memang benar Muslim diterjemahkan banyak buku dan tulisan orang dahulu. However, Muslims soon realized that in the field of chemistry the ancients, mainly being alchemists, dealt primarily with speculation and mystery. Chemistry was not a science before the Muslims. Namun, Muslim segera menyadari bahwa di bidang kimia yang dahulu, terutama yang alchemists, terutama ditangani dengan spekulasi dan misteri. Kimia juga tidak ilmu sebelum Muslim. The Muslims invented the scientific method and used it in their research tremendously. Muslim jadian sains dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian mereka sangat tajam. The historian Briffault's book, Making of Humanity, has been quoted in Dr. K Ajram's book, The Miracle of Islam Science: "Investigation, accumulation of positive knowledge, minute methods of science and prolonged observation were alien to Greek temperament. These were introduced to Europe by the Arabs. European science owes its existence to the Arabs." Para sejarawan Briffault buku, Pembuatan Kemanusiaan, telah dikutip dalam Dr K Ajram buku, The Miracle Sains Islam: "Penyidikan, akumulasi dari pengetahuan positif, menit metode ilmu pengetahuan dan pengamatan yang lama untuk alien Yunani perangai. Ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan Eropa oleh Arab. Sains Eropa owes keberadaannya ke Arab. " Will Durant notes that Muslims "introduced precise observation, controlled experiment, and careful records." Will Durant catatan bahwa Muslim "diperkenalkan tepat pengamatan, percobaan dikontrol, dan catatan hati-hati."

Work of Muslims Kerja Muslim

Muslims were not alchemists, but rather they were the world's first true chemists. Muslim tidak alchemists, tetapi mereka yang pertama di dunia benar apotek. They produced a variety of compounds useful for the development and advancement of science, culture, industry, and civilization. Mereka menghasilkan berbagai memanjang berguna untuk pembangunan dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, industri, dan peradaban. Muslims invented and/or perfected the processes of distillation, sublimation, crystallization, oxidation, and precipitation. Muslim jadian dan / atau menyempurnakan proses penyulingan, sublimasi, kristalisasi, oksidasi, dan hujan. They discovered the process of calcination, which is used to reduce substances to a powdered form. Mereka menemukan proses proses mengapur, yang digunakan untuk mengurangi zat ke bentuk bubuk.

Muslims also discovered many elements with their specific weights. Al-Jabr (d. 815?) discovered 19 elements along with their specific weights. Muslim juga menemukan banyak elemen dengan bobot tertentu. Al-Jabr (d. 815?) Menemukan 19 beserta unsur bobot tertentu. They also were the first to accurately divide the elements. Mereka juga yang pertama akurat untuk membahagikan unsur. Muslims distinguished between metals and alloys, noting that alloys were only mixtures and not true elements. Muslim dibedakan antara logam dan alloy, bahwa hanya alloy campuran dan unsur tidak benar.

They originated the synthesis of numerous crucial substances that are essential to the development of chemical sciences. Mereka berasal dari berbagai sintesis penting adalah zat yang sangat penting dalam pengembangan ilmu kimia. The acid-base principal of chemistry was entirely their development. Asam-dasar yang Kepala kimia telah mereka seluruhnya pembangunan. The pH scale was their invention. Skala pH adalah temuan mereka. Evidence is found in the fact that the word alkali originated from the Arabic word al-kili. Bukti yang ditemukan dalam kenyataan bahwa kata lindi berasal dari kata Arab al-kili. They invented the concept of solutions regarding the solubility or insolubility of substances. Mereka jadian konsep solusi mengenai hal tdk dpt kelarutan atau dari zat.

Industrial Chemistry Industri Kimia

As industrial chemists, Muslims used advanced techniques for extracting minerals and metals. Sebagai industri apotek, Muslim teknik lanjutan digunakan untuk pengambilan mineral dan logam. They perfected glass making and introduced the technology for coloring it with metal oxides. Mereka membuat dan menyempurnakan kaca memperkenalkan teknologi untuk pewarnaan dengan logam oxides. They invented crystal making. Mereka membuat masakan kristal. They introduced and perfected steel making. Mereka diperkenalkan dan menyempurnakan pembuatan baja. They produced dyes and used them in tiles, woodworking, and clothing. Mereka Pewarna diproduksi dan digunakan di tiles, woodworking, dan pakaian. They produced a variety of plasters, glazes, and other building compounds. Muslim Spain had roads paved with cement instead of stones and had the world's first street lights. Mereka menghasilkan berbagai plasters, glazes, dan bangunan lain memanjang. Muslim Spanyol telah diaspal jalan dengan semen bukan dari batu dan telah pertama di dunia lampu jalan.

Instruments Instrumen

Muslims invented and/or widely used many chemical instruments that are used until now. Muslim jadian dan / atau digunakan secara luas banyak instrumen kimia yang digunakan sampai sekarang. They used burners, water baths, bellows, crucibles, distillation apparatuses, scales and weights, beakers, filters, flasks, phials, test tubes, etc. Mereka bakal digunakan, air mandi, hembusan, crucibles, penyulingan aparatur, skala dan bobot, beakers, filter, flasks, phials, uji tabung, dll

Production of Paper Produksi Kertas

Muslims also perfected the production of paper. Muslim juga menyempurnakan produksi kertas. This accomplishment is often attributed to the Chinese. Prestasi ini sering dikaitkan dengan Cina. Though it is true that the Chinese produced paper, this was done through a tedious process requiring silk. Walaupun memang benar bahwa orang Cina dihasilkan kertas, ini dilakukan melalui suatu boyak memerlukan proses sutra. It was the Muslims who instituted chemically-aided paper production. Ia adalah Muslim yang teringat kimiawi-aided kertas produksi. The first paper-manufacturing plant in the Muslim World was opened in Baghdad in 794 CE Millions upon millions of books were published wherever this invention arrived. Pertama kertas-tanaman manufaktur di Dunia Islam dibuka di Baghdad dalam TM 794 Juta kepada jutaan buku diterbitkan dimanapun temuan ini tiba. In 891 CE, Baghdad had over a hundred booksellers. Dalam 891 TM, Bagdad telah lebih dari seratus penyalur buku. Most mosques had libraries. Kebanyakan mesjid memiliki perpustakaan. Many cities also had public libraries. Banyak kota juga memiliki perpustakaan umum. Baghdad at the time of the Mongols' invasion had thirty-six libraries. Baghdad pada saat orang Mongol 'invasi telah tiga puluh enam-perpustakaan. Private libraries were innumerable; it was common for rich people to have huge collections of books. Swasta perpustakaan yang banyak sekali; ianya umum untuk orang-orang kaya untuk memiliki koleksi buku besar. Princes, according to Will Durant, "in the tenth century might own as many books as could be found in all the libraries of Europe combined." Raja, menurut Will Durant, "di abad kesepuluh sendiri mungkin karena banyak buku sebagai dapat ditemukan di semua perpustakaan gabungan dari Eropa."

Slowly but steadily, Europeans became accustomed to the luxury of imported paper from the Muslim world. Perlahan tapi terus, Eropa menjadi terbiasa untuk kemewahan impor kertas dari dunia Muslim. Paper was used in Constantinople by 1100, in Sicily by 1102, in Italy by 1154, in Germany by 1228, and in England by 1309. Kertas digunakan di Konstantinopel dengan 1100, di Sisilia oleh 1102, di Italia oleh 1154, di Jerman dengan 1228, dan di Inggris dengan 1309. The production of the many cheap books by Europeans was only possible after the replacement of parchment and silk paper with this new paper. Produksi dari banyak buku murah oleh Eropa hanya mungkin setelah penggantian perkamen sutra dan kertas dengan kertas baru ini. The Western world slowly rose from the coffins of illiteracy in which it had been sinking. Dunia Barat perlahan bangkit dari coffins dari buta huruf di mana ia telah tenggelam.

Muslims' Writings and Books Muslim 'tulisan dan Buku

Muslims' writings and books spurred and strongly stimulated the development of European chemistry. Muslim 'tulisan dan buku-buku yang didorong dan sangat mendorong perkembangan Eropa kimia. Translated versions of Al-Jabr's works were, according to Mathe, Lavoisier's "bible." Terjemahan versi Al-Jabr karya itu, menurut Mathe, Lavoisier's "Injil." Ar-Razi's (d. 925) booklet, Secret of Secrets, is said to be the first known example of a chemistry lab manual. Ar-Razi's (d. 925) buku kecil, Rahasia dari Rahasia, dikatakan pertama dikenal contoh dari laboratorium kimia manual. Their books were used in many European schools for many centuries. Mereka buku-buku yang banyak digunakan di Eropa untuk sekolah banyak abad. After the Crusades, especially, as returning Western soldiers told fantastic tales of the Muslim World and all the knowledge that was there, Europeans wanted to learn more and their thirst for knowledge grew. Setelah Crusades, khususnya, sebagai prajurit Barat kembali kepada orang-orang yang fantastis Dunia Muslim dan semua pengetahuan yang ada, Eropa ingin mempelajari lebih lanjut dan mereka kehausan pengetahuan untuk berkembang. Many books were translated into European languages. Banyak buku diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Eropa. Slowly, the Western World acquired the knowledge of Muslims, and began its Renaissance. Perlahan, Dunia Barat pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari Muslim, dan mulai dengan Renaissance.

Bibliography Bibliografi

Ajram, K. 1992. Ajram, K. 1992. The Miracle of Islamic Science. The Miracle Sains Islam. Knowledge House Publishers. Pengetahuan rumah penerbit.
Durant, Will. Durant, akan mereda. 1950. The Age of Faith. Age Iman. New York: Simon and Schuster. New York: Simon dan Schuster.

Islam's Contribution to Chemistry

Written by www.daily.pk

Thursday, 24 July 2008 00:00

Before addressing the subject of Muslim chemistry, however, one crucial matter needs to be raised. It concerns the use of the word Alchemy instead of chemistry. This is another instance of historical corruption fooling so many who have no perception of the depths some scholarship can descend to in order to convey distorted images of aspects of history, such as that of Islamic science. Alchemy, indeed, is a corrupt translation of the Arabic word Chemia (chemistry,) preceded by the article Al (which means: the), and which the Arabs always use (like the French and others for that matter) in front of their subject such as Al-Tib (medicine) al-Riyadiyat (mathematics) etc... If this was applied to other subjects, it would become al-medicine; al-mathematics, al-geography and so on... Only Baron Carra de Vaux had had the presence of mind to pointing to this, however briefly. Somehow al-Chemy should be translated literally The Chemistry and not Alchemy in English; and La Chimie and not l'alchimie in French. The fact that only Westerners translated or dealt with the subject, followed by rather very respectful or shy Muslim scholars means that this corrupt word of al-chemy has remained, and has become the norm.

The reason why alchemy is used instead of chemistry might have another motive behind it. Chemistry means a modern science; alchemy means the amateur, the occult, the second or third rate. Alchemy belongs to the Muslims; chemistry, of course, does not; instead is the realm of the good. This notion conveyed by some Western scholars, that alchemy ended with the Muslims and chemistry began with the Westerners has no historical ground. The reason is simple: all sciences began in some part of the world, most likely China or the Ancient Middle East, or India, at level: 1, the most basic, and then graduated to levels 2, 3, 4, and higher, through the centuries, until they reached us at the level they are, and will evolve in different places in the future. This is the story of every science, and of every sign of our modern world. Thus, it was not that we had alchemy at one point, and then, with the Europeans it became chemistry. This is a crass notion like much else coming from scholars holding such a view. Chemistry began under one form, associated with occult and similar practices, and then evolved, gradually becoming more refined through the centuries until it took our modern forms and rules. Many elements concourse to support this point. Here they follow.

Muslims Revolutionised Chemistry

First and foremost many of the products or discoveries made by the Muslims have become part of our modern chemical world; in fact were revolutions in the advance of the science. Mathe summarises the legacy of Muslim chemists, which include the discovery of alcohol, nitric and sulphuric acids, silver nitrate and potassium, the determination of the weight of many bodies, the mastery of techniques of sublimation, crystallization and distillation. Muslim chemistry also took many industrial uses including: tinctures and their applications in tanning and textiles; distillation of plants, of flowers, the making of perfumes and therapeutic pharmacy. More specifically, some such advances that have revolutionised our world are expertly raised by Multhauf. Thus in the De aluminibus, composed in Muslim Spain, (whose author Multhauf does not recognise) but could be Al-Majriti, are described experiments to obtain the chloride of mercury, corrosive sublimate (Hg Cl2), process and outcome which mark the beginning of synthetic chemistry. Multhauf notes indeed that the chloride of mercury obtained did not just become part of the chemist's repertoire but also inspired the discovery of other synthetic substances. Corrosive sublimate is capable of chlorinating other materials, and this, Multhauf, again, notes, marks the beginning of mineral acids. In the field of industrial chemistry and heavy chemicals, Multhauf notes again that one of the greatest advances of the medieval times was the manufacture of alum from `aluminous' rocks, through artificial weathering of alunite, which he describes. And in the same context the Muslims managed to perform the crystallisation of `ammonia alum' (ammonium aluminium sulphate). Multhauf, however, falls in the same trap as many of his colleagues, asserting in his conclusion that it was European Renaissance which gave chemistry a secure and significant place in science, and that with the Muslims all that was, was `alchemy;' and Multhauf states this in full contradiction of what he had just described, and so expertly, and he had himself classified under modern chemistry.

Fair Historians of Chemistry

A scholar who from the initial point gave Islamic chemistry its due, and hardly failed to call it so, was Holmyard. Holmyard, indeed, has the right qualifications to discuss Islamic che mistry, and more than any other scholar, with the exception of Ruska, and also Levey. Holmyard is indeed both a chemist with great reknown, and also an Arabist in training, rightly qualified to look at the science from the expert angles, unlike others, who are either Arabists and so understand little in chemistry, or are experts in chemistry and understand nothing in Arabic. Holmyard notes that the rise and progress of Islamic chemistry is given very little space, and whatever information exists is erroneous and misleading, a fact due partly to Kopp's unfavourable opinion of Islamic chemistry, and the hasty conclusions drawn by Berthelot from his superficial studies of Islamic material. And neither Kopp, nor Berthelot were Arabists, which, as Holmyard notes, makes their conclusions on Muslim chemistry unable to stand the test of criticism as more information is available. Of course, today's scholars can always ignore evidence that has come out since Kopp and Berthelot, and still stick with their misinformation, errors, or distorted statements, and blame such on either one of them. This tactic is in fact very common amongst scholars writing in any field of history, who shape and reshape events at will and have all the necessary sources and references to justify their writing. Some `scholars' even go as far as blaming the material in the library of their university, stating in their preface or conclusion that any shortcoming in their work was the result of their access to such limited material.

To return to Holmyard, in his Makers of Chemistry, tracing the evolution of the science from the very early times until our century, and even if not having at his disposal the vast amount of information many of today's scholars have, he produced an excellent and encompassing, thorough work. It includes none of the usual gaps of centuries one finds with other historians; nor does it include the discrepancies caused by 'sudden', 'enlightened' `miraculous' breakthroughs out of nothing.

Transmission of Chemistry to Europe

Of course Muslim chemistry, like other sciences was heavily translated into Latin, and also into local languages, which explains its spread to Europe (more on this in the chapter on the transfer of Muslim science to Europe). Many of the manuscripts translated have anonymous authors. Of the known ones, Robert of Chester, a twelfth century scholar, translated Liber de compositione alchemise. At about the same time, Hugh of Santalla made the earliest Latin translation of lawh azzabarjad (the Emerald table). Alfred of Sareshel translated the part of Ibn Sinna's Kitab al-Shiffa (the Book of Healing) that deals with chemistry. It is, however, as per usual, the Italian, Gerard of Cremona, who made the more valuable translations of Al-Razi's study and classification of salts and alums (sulphates) and the related operations the De aluminibus et salibus, whose Arabic original is preserved. The many versions of this work had a decisive influence on subsequent operations in the West, more generally on mineralogy; as did others in the formation of the foundations of such science. In fairly recent times, Holmyard, Kraus, and above all Ruska, have devoted considerable focus to Muslim chemistry, much of which, unfortunately, is not accessible to non German speakers, who thus will be deprived from forming a truest picture of Islamic chemistry.

Conclusion

After such an expose, however brief, should we still consider Muslim chemistry as an occult practice called alchemia? Are not many aspects of such science exactly what we have in our modern chemistry? And if this is not enough, here is what Muslims thought of the occult alchemia. Both Ibn Sina and Ibn Khaldoun attacked the experimentalists who sought to turn ordinary metals into precious ones, gold in particular. Ibn Sina, for instance, in The Book of Minerals, denounces the artisans who dye metals in order to give them the outside resemblance of silver and gold. He asserts that fabrication of silver and gold from other metals is `practically impossible and unsustainable from a scientific and philosophical point of view.' Ibn Khaldoun, for his part, denounces the frauds who apply on top of silver jewelry a thin layer of gold, and make other manipulations of metals. To Ibn Khaldoun, the Divine wisdom wanted gold and silver to be rare metals to guarantee profits and wealth. Their disproportionate growth would make transactions useless and would `run contrary to such wisdom.'

It is, thus, time to give Muslim chemistry its due place in history. For that to happen, the concentrated effort of Arabic speaking, able scholars, with some honesty, ought to get on with the task of writing truest accounts of Islamic chemistry in history, do for this science what Rashed, Djebbar and Yuskevitch did for Islamic mathematics, or what al-Hasan and Hill did for Islamic engineering, and what King, Saliba, Kennedy and Samso seek to do for Islamic astronomy, bringing Islamic chemistry out of the slumber others have dug in for it.

Al-Qur'an and Chemistry

The Surah named IRON is surah no 57 in Al-Qur'an.
Please visit: http://wwwcgi.umr.edu/~msaumr/Quran/57.html

Relation to Chemical Science:

IRON (Fe) 57 is one of 4 STABLE ISOTOPE

Visit:
http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/fe.html

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Fe-52	8.3 hours
Fe-54	Stable
Fe-55	2.7 years
Fe-56	Stable
Fe-57	Stable
Fe-58	Stable
Fe-59	54.5 days
Fe-60	1500000.0 years

Visit :
http://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/periodic/Fe.html#is

http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/fe_iig.html
"Iron has four naturally-occurring stable isotopes, ⁵⁴Fe, ⁵⁶Fe, ⁵⁷Fe and ⁵⁸Fe"

There are 29 verses inside surah 57

Relation to Chemical Science:

2957

Is the 3rd ionization energy of IRON

Visit:
http://home.school.net.hk/~chem/others/periodic/element/Fe.html

1st Ionization Energy	759.3 kJ/mol
2nd Ionization Energy	1561 kJ/mol
3rd Ionization Energy	2957 kJ/mol

OR VISIT THIS ONE
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Fe/ionz.html
And this one:
http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e02692.html

In Arabic, IRON called HADIID.
And the NUMERICAL VALUE OF HADIID is;
26
(Ha + Dal + Ya + Dal = 8 + 4 + 10 + 4 = 26)

Relation to Chemical Science:

26 Is ATOMIC NUMBER of the IRON
26 is NUMBER of ELECTRONS of the IRON

Visit:
http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/fe.html
And this one:
http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Fe.html

IRON (HADIID) is surah no 57
The NUMERICAL VALUE of HADIID is 26

57 - 26 = 31

Relation to Chemical Science:

31 Is the NUMBERS of NEUTRON for Fe57
Visit:
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrous

iso	NA	half-life	DM	DE M eV	DP
⁵⁴Fe	5.8%	Fe is stable with 28 neutrons
⁵⁵Fe	{syn.}	2.73 y	ε capture	0.231	⁵⁵Mn
⁵⁶Fe	91.72%	Fe is stable with 30 neutrons
⁵⁷Fe	2.2%	Fe is stable with 31 neutrons
⁵⁸Fe	0.28%	Fe is stable with 32 neutrons
⁵⁹Fe	{syn.}	44.503 d	β	1.565	⁵⁹Co
⁶⁰Fe	{syn.}	1.5E⁶ y	β^-	3.978	⁶⁰Co

SI units & STP are used except where noted.

The word IRON found in verse number 25 in surah 57.
Total numbers of verses of surah 57 is 29
The rest of it is:

29 - 25 = 4

Relation to Chemical Science:

4 Is the ENERGY LEVELS of IRON( Fe )
http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/fe.html

There are 4 STABLE ISOTOPES of IRON( Fe )
http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/fe_iig.html
"Iron has four naturally-occurring stable isotopes, ⁵⁴Fe, ⁵⁶Fe, ⁵⁷Fe and ⁵⁸Fe"